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The Industrious Revolution was a period in early modern Europe lasting from approximately 1600 to 1800 in which household productivity and consumer demand increased despite the absence of major technological innovations that would mark the later Industrial Revolution. Proponents of the Industrious Revolution theory argue that the increase in working hours and individual consumption traditionally associated with the Industrial Revolution actually began several centuries earlier, and were largely a result of choice rather than coercion. The term was originally coined by the Japanese demographic historian Akira Hayami to describe Japan during the Tokugawa era. The theory of a pre-industrial Industrious Revolution is contested by some historians.

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  • Industrious Revolution (en)
  • Rivoluzione industriosa (it)
  • 勤勉革命 (ja)
  • Nijverheidsrevolutie (nl)
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  • The Industrious Revolution was a period in early modern Europe lasting from approximately 1600 to 1800 in which household productivity and consumer demand increased despite the absence of major technological innovations that would mark the later Industrial Revolution. Proponents of the Industrious Revolution theory argue that the increase in working hours and individual consumption traditionally associated with the Industrial Revolution actually began several centuries earlier, and were largely a result of choice rather than coercion. The term was originally coined by the Japanese demographic historian Akira Hayami to describe Japan during the Tokugawa era. The theory of a pre-industrial Industrious Revolution is contested by some historians. (en)
  • 勤勉革命(きんべんかくめい、英:Industrious Revolution)とは、江戸時代の17世紀末より、農村部に生じた生産革命である。 家畜(資本)が行っていた労働を人間が肩代わりする資本節約・労働集約型の生産革命であり、これを通じて日本人の「勤勉性」が培われたとされる。家畜を飼育するために割く労力を抑制し、人間自身が自発的に重労働も担うことで、生産を増やそうとした特徴がある。 江戸時代濃尾地方農村部に人口の増加に伴う家畜の減少を観察した歴史人口学者の速水融により1976年に提唱され、産業革命 (industrial revolution) に因んで勤勉革命 (industrious revolution) と名付けられた。産業革命(工業化)は、資本(機械)を利用して労働生産性を向上させる資本集約・労働節約型の生産革命であったのとは対照的な捉え方である。 (ja)
  • De nijverheidsrevolutie (Engels: Industrious Revolution) was een sociale en economische omwenteling tussen 1600 en 1800 waarbij families in Noordwest-Europa zich gingen richten op het verdienen van loon in plaats van het produceren van goederen voor huishoudelijke consumptie. De revolutie werd gekenmerkt door een proces van commercialisering en specialisatie van productie. De term werd voor het eerst gebruikt door de Japanse historicus en werd geaccepteerd door andere historici om de aanloop naar de industriële revolutie te verklaren. (nl)
  • La rivoluzione industriosa una teoria avanzata per la prima volta nel 1994 in un articolo sul The Journal of Economic History dal professore olandese di storia economica europea Jan De Vries e poi sviluppata più ampiamente nel suo libro The Industrious Revolution: Consumer Demand and the Household Economy, 1650 to the Present, uscita nel 2008 per la Cambridge University Press. Secondo De Vries, nonostante i dati quantitativi dimostrassero il calo del potere d'acquisto dei salari individuali, i dati qualitativi dimostravano un aumento dei consumi di beni "voluttuari" ("rivoluzione dei consumi") spiegato dai comportamenti familiari durante il Seicento e in particolare in Olanda prima e poi in Inghilterra. Ci fu una crescita della domanda a fronte di un calo dei salari reali individualied un (it)
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  • The Industrious Revolution was a period in early modern Europe lasting from approximately 1600 to 1800 in which household productivity and consumer demand increased despite the absence of major technological innovations that would mark the later Industrial Revolution. Proponents of the Industrious Revolution theory argue that the increase in working hours and individual consumption traditionally associated with the Industrial Revolution actually began several centuries earlier, and were largely a result of choice rather than coercion. The term was originally coined by the Japanese demographic historian Akira Hayami to describe Japan during the Tokugawa era. The theory of a pre-industrial Industrious Revolution is contested by some historians. (en)
  • 勤勉革命(きんべんかくめい、英:Industrious Revolution)とは、江戸時代の17世紀末より、農村部に生じた生産革命である。 家畜(資本)が行っていた労働を人間が肩代わりする資本節約・労働集約型の生産革命であり、これを通じて日本人の「勤勉性」が培われたとされる。家畜を飼育するために割く労力を抑制し、人間自身が自発的に重労働も担うことで、生産を増やそうとした特徴がある。 江戸時代濃尾地方農村部に人口の増加に伴う家畜の減少を観察した歴史人口学者の速水融により1976年に提唱され、産業革命 (industrial revolution) に因んで勤勉革命 (industrious revolution) と名付けられた。産業革命(工業化)は、資本(機械)を利用して労働生産性を向上させる資本集約・労働節約型の生産革命であったのとは対照的な捉え方である。 (ja)
  • De nijverheidsrevolutie (Engels: Industrious Revolution) was een sociale en economische omwenteling tussen 1600 en 1800 waarbij families in Noordwest-Europa zich gingen richten op het verdienen van loon in plaats van het produceren van goederen voor huishoudelijke consumptie. De revolutie werd gekenmerkt door een proces van commercialisering en specialisatie van productie. De term werd voor het eerst gebruikt door de Japanse historicus en werd geaccepteerd door andere historici om de aanloop naar de industriële revolutie te verklaren. (nl)
  • La rivoluzione industriosa una teoria avanzata per la prima volta nel 1994 in un articolo sul The Journal of Economic History dal professore olandese di storia economica europea Jan De Vries e poi sviluppata più ampiamente nel suo libro The Industrious Revolution: Consumer Demand and the Household Economy, 1650 to the Present, uscita nel 2008 per la Cambridge University Press. Secondo De Vries, nonostante i dati quantitativi dimostrassero il calo del potere d'acquisto dei salari individuali, i dati qualitativi dimostravano un aumento dei consumi di beni "voluttuari" ("rivoluzione dei consumi") spiegato dai comportamenti familiari durante il Seicento e in particolare in Olanda prima e poi in Inghilterra. Ci fu una crescita della domanda a fronte di un calo dei salari reali individualied un aumento della produttività a livello macro spiegati da una riallocazione delle risorse produttive all'interno della famiglia. Le famiglie aumentarono sia la partecipazione al lavoro (donne e bambini, ma anche meno assenze e feste) e sia la loro domanda di beni venduti sul mercato(“Lavorare di più per comprare di più”).Questa “rivoluzione industriosa” si concretizzò nei seguenti aspetti: * le famiglie producevano beni alimentari destinati al mercato * producevano tessuti di lino, canapa o lana da immettere nel mercato * Donne e bambini furono i protagonisti di questo cambiamento Questo sistema che possiamo definire un sistema di industria a domicilio, o protoindustria, fu un elemento caratteristico delle Fiandre e dell'Inghilterra.Lo sviluppo dei commerci fu favorito ovviamente dal lavoro della protoindustria, ma anche dal fatto che le potenze Europee si spinsero lungo le coste dell'Asia, Africa e America già nel Cinquecento—Seicento creando colonie ed empori commerciali e nel '600-'700 grazie alla loro tecnologia si assicurarono il monopolio degli scambi. Fu permesso così anche l'introduzione di nuove colture. (it)
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