| rdfs:comment
| - El malón fue una táctica militar ofensiva empleada por los indígenas de Sudamérica, como por las etnias mapuche y charrúas en los actuales territorios de Argentina, Uruguay y Chile, que consistía en el ataque rápido y sorpresivo de una nutrida partida de guerreros a caballo contra un grupo enemigo, ya fueran otros pueblos o parcialidades indígenas, o poblaciones, fortificaciones y estancias de los criollos, con el objetivo de matar adversarios y saquear para hacerse con ganado, provisiones y prisioneros, sobre todo mujeres jóvenes y niños. (es)
- Malón (from the Mapudungun maleu, to inflict damage to the enemy) is the name given to plunder raids carried out by Mapuche warriors, who rode horses into Spanish, Chilean and Argentine territories from the 17th to the 19th centuries, as well as to their attacks on rival Mapuche factions. Historian Juan Ignacio Molina said the Mapuche considered the malón to be a means of obtaining justice: (en)
- 马普切人的突袭（Malón）指的是从17世纪到19世纪，马普切人群体对西班牙人、智利人及阿根廷人的领地的突袭，也包括对敌对的马普切人阵营的袭击。将马普切人的突袭说成是他们获得正义的一种手段： “当有两个人相互不和了，并且他们都各自有着相当多的拥护者，那么他们就会对对方领地进行相互的侵略，他们会摧毁或烧毁所有的对方带不走的东西。这些私下的不和，被叫作突袭（malones），很像是古代德国人的世仇，并且当马普切人中的也卷进来了，就变得非常可怕了，在这种情况下，它们就会成为真正的内战。但是必须得承认，它们一般并不伴随有流血，而仅限于抢劫。这个民族尽管倾向于暴力，但是他们在他们的私下的不和中却很少利用武器，而是用拳头或棍子来决定它们。” 作为反抗西班牙人的一种战术，由等首领们所倡导的这种突袭，由以下内容构成：由一定数量的马普切骑马战士快速地突袭智利和阿根廷的白人（）居民、、定居点以及防御工事，目标是获取马、牛、粮食及俘虏，并且通常是年轻女子。这一战术的有效性在于，它是一种没有正式命令的快速的攻击，以至于敌人没有充分的时间来组织防御，只能丢下一群无力进行报复或追赶的极为震惊的居民。 (zh)
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| has abstract
| - El malón fue una táctica militar ofensiva empleada por los indígenas de Sudamérica, como por las etnias mapuche y charrúas en los actuales territorios de Argentina, Uruguay y Chile, que consistía en el ataque rápido y sorpresivo de una nutrida partida de guerreros a caballo contra un grupo enemigo, ya fueran otros pueblos o parcialidades indígenas, o poblaciones, fortificaciones y estancias de los criollos, con el objetivo de matar adversarios y saquear para hacerse con ganado, provisiones y prisioneros, sobre todo mujeres jóvenes y niños. (es)
- Malón (from the Mapudungun maleu, to inflict damage to the enemy) is the name given to plunder raids carried out by Mapuche warriors, who rode horses into Spanish, Chilean and Argentine territories from the 17th to the 19th centuries, as well as to their attacks on rival Mapuche factions. Historian Juan Ignacio Molina said the Mapuche considered the malón to be a means of obtaining justice: The injured family often assumes the right of pursuing the aggressor or his relations, and of punishing them. From this abuse are derived the denominations and distinctions, so much used in their jurisprudence, of genguerin, genguman, gerila, &c. denoting the principal connections of the aggressor, of the injured, or the deceased, who are supposed to be authorized, by the laws of nature, to support by force the rights of their relatives.When those who are at enmity have a considerable number of adherents, they mutually make incursions upon each other's possessions, where they destroy or burn all that they cannot carry off. These private quarrels, called malones, resemble much the feuds of the ancient Germans, and are very dreadful when the Ulmenes are concerned, in which case they become real civil wars. But it must be acknowledged that they are generally unaccompanied with the effusion of blood, and are confined to pillage alone. This people, notwithstanding their propensity to violence, rarely employ arms in their private quarrels, but decide them with the fist or with the club. Leaders such as Lientur used the malón against European colonists: it consisted of a fast surprise attack by a number of mounted Mapuche warriors against the white (huinca) populations, ranches, settlements and fortifications in Chile and Argentina, with the aim of obtaining horses, cattle, provisions, and captives, often young women. The rapid attack without formal order did not give the targets time to organize a defense, and it left behind a devastated population unable to retaliate or pursue. In Chile, the Spaniards responded with a system of fortifications known as La Frontera, garrisoned by a standing army that patrolled the border along the Biobío River. In Argentina, where the Mapuche in the 19th century ravaged the southern frontier, the government responded by building wooden outposts and occasionally fortresses, e.g. Fortaleza Protectora Argentina, as well as the Zanja de Alsina. This trench covered hundreds of kilometers across the Pampas to make incursions more difficult, as well as prevent the raiders from driving large numbers of cattle back across the frontier. Ultimately, the Argentine government invaded and conquered the Mapuche in their territory in the Conquest of the Desert of the late 1870s. Many Mapuche were killed and thousands more taken prisoner. (en)
- 马普切人的突袭（Malón）指的是从17世纪到19世纪，马普切人群体对西班牙人、智利人及阿根廷人的领地的突袭，也包括对敌对的马普切人阵营的袭击。将马普切人的突袭说成是他们获得正义的一种手段： “当有两个人相互不和了，并且他们都各自有着相当多的拥护者，那么他们就会对对方领地进行相互的侵略，他们会摧毁或烧毁所有的对方带不走的东西。这些私下的不和，被叫作突袭（malones），很像是古代德国人的世仇，并且当马普切人中的也卷进来了，就变得非常可怕了，在这种情况下，它们就会成为真正的内战。但是必须得承认，它们一般并不伴随有流血，而仅限于抢劫。这个民族尽管倾向于暴力，但是他们在他们的私下的不和中却很少利用武器，而是用拳头或棍子来决定它们。” 作为反抗西班牙人的一种战术，由等首领们所倡导的这种突袭，由以下内容构成：由一定数量的马普切骑马战士快速地突袭智利和阿根廷的白人（）居民、、定居点以及防御工事，目标是获取马、牛、粮食及俘虏，并且通常是年轻女子。这一战术的有效性在于，它是一种没有正式命令的快速的攻击，以至于敌人没有充分的时间来组织防御，只能丢下一群无力进行报复或追赶的极为震惊的居民。 智利的西班牙人用了一个防御工事体系来回应。这一体系被叫作“”。这些防御工事驻扎了一支常备军，他们负责沿着比奥比奥河巡逻边境线。至于阿根廷，马普切人在19世纪毁坏了其南方边境，于是阿根廷政府的回应是建造木制的哨站，并且偶尔也建造堡垒，比如阿根廷防护堡以及。阿尔西纳壕沟长达上百公里，穿越了彭巴，使得入侵更加艰难。最终，阿根廷政府在19世纪70年代晚期的征服沙漠行动中反过来入侵并成功征服了马普切人的领地。 (zh)
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