The mandibular second premolar is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular first premolars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular first molars. The function of this premolar is assist the mandibular first molar during mastication, commonly known as chewing. Mandibular second premolars have three cusps. There is one large cusp on the buccal side (closest to the cheek) of the tooth. The lingual cusps (located nearer the tongue) are well developed and functional (which refers to cusps assisting during chewing). Therefore, whereas the mandibular first premolar resembles a small canine, the mandibular second premolar is more alike to the first molar. There are no deciduous (baby) mandibular premolars. Instead,
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| - Secondo premolare inferiore (it)
- 下顎第二小臼歯 (ja)
- Mandibular second premolar (en)
- Tweede premolaar (nl)
- Segundo pré-molar inferior (pt)
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| - I premolari inferiori hanno la caratteristica di essere abbastanza differenti tra loro, e disposti in serie ascendente: il secondo è dunque più grande del primo, a differenza dei superiori. Possiedono una cuspide vestibolare più voluminosa della linguale. Il secondo premolare inferiore ha mediamente un'altezza di 22.5 mm, di cui 8 coronali e 14.5 radicolari e un diametro mesiodistale piuttosto stretto (7 mm), e uno vestibolo-linguale di 8 mm. Lingualmente può presentare due cuspidi anziché una. Somiglia decisamente più a un molare che ad un canino. (it)
- 下顎第二小臼歯（かがくだいにしょうきゅうし、英語: mandibular second premolar）は下顎第一小臼歯の遠心にある小臼歯。近心側隣接歯は下顎第一小臼歯、遠心側隣接歯は下顎第一大臼歯、対合歯は上顎第一小臼歯と上顎第二小臼歯である。 下顎第二小臼歯の機能は、咀嚼中に下顎第一大臼歯のアシストを行うことである。下顎第二小臼歯は通常三咬頭である。頬側に大きな咬頭がある。舌側二咬頭は良く発達し、機能咬頭である。したがって、下顎第一小臼歯は犬歯に似ているが、下顎第二小臼歯は下顎第一大臼歯に似ている。 生後2年～2.25年の頃に石灰化を開始し、歯冠の完成は6～7歳頃、11～12歳で口腔に萌出し、12～14歳頃に歯根が完成する。 日本では一般的に、左側第二小臼歯を左下5番（表記は┌の中に5を入れた物）、右側第二小臼歯を右下5番（表記は┐の中に5を入れた物）と呼ぶが、この他、左側を20、右側を29とする表記法や、左側を35、右側を45とする表記法も国際的に知られる。 (ja)
- De tweede premolaar staat in het volwassen gebit direct achter de eerste premolaar, en vóór de eerste molaar. De mens heeft normaal 4 tweede premolaren, één in ieder kwadrant (zie afbeelding). Premolaren worden ook weleens valse kiezen genoemd, omdat ze kleiner zijn dan de molaren. Ze hebben in mesiodistale (voorachterwaartse) richting een enkelvoudige knobbelstructuur. De functie van de premolaren is het vermalen van het voedsel door roterende bewegingen te maken. In het melkgebit komen geen premolaren voor. In het wisselgebit verschijnen ze meestal als laatste; eerst de eerste premolaren, dan de tweede premolaren. Dit gebeurt in de periode van 10 tot 13 jaar. (nl)
- O Segundo pré-molar inferior é um dente inserido no osso mandibular. (pt)
- The mandibular second premolar is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular first premolars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular first molars. The function of this premolar is assist the mandibular first molar during mastication, commonly known as chewing. Mandibular second premolars have three cusps. There is one large cusp on the buccal side (closest to the cheek) of the tooth. The lingual cusps (located nearer the tongue) are well developed and functional (which refers to cusps assisting during chewing). Therefore, whereas the mandibular first premolar resembles a small canine, the mandibular second premolar is more alike to the first molar. There are no deciduous (baby) mandibular premolars. Instead, (en)
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| - Mandibular second premolar (en)
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| - Mandibular second premolar (en)
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| - Mandibular second premolars of permanent teeth marked in red. There are no premolars in primary teeth. (en)
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| - The mandibular second premolar is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both the mandibular first premolars of the mouth but mesial (toward the midline of the face) from both mandibular first molars. The function of this premolar is assist the mandibular first molar during mastication, commonly known as chewing. Mandibular second premolars have three cusps. There is one large cusp on the buccal side (closest to the cheek) of the tooth. The lingual cusps (located nearer the tongue) are well developed and functional (which refers to cusps assisting during chewing). Therefore, whereas the mandibular first premolar resembles a small canine, the mandibular second premolar is more alike to the first molar. There are no deciduous (baby) mandibular premolars. Instead, the teeth that precede the permanent mandibular premolars are the deciduous mandibular molars. Anatomy: The mandibular second premolar most commonly has three cusps but can have two as well. The three cusp variety has one large cusp on the buccal with two smaller lingual cusps. The mesiolingual cusp is twice the size of the distolingual cusp. Viewed from the occlusal (looking down onto the biting surface of the tooth) the tooth is rather square in outline, particularly on the lingual. The occlusal table (the area bounded by the cusps, cusp ridges, and marginal ridges) is rectangular. The groove pattern is shaped like a “Y” with the tail pointed to the lingual and placed between the distolingual and mesiolingual cusps one third of the distance form the distal to the mesial. The contacts with the adjacent teeth are positioned buccal to the midpoint. Viewed from the buccal the buccal cusp tip is centered mesiodistally. The buccal cusp ridges exhibit slight concavities that extend over the buccal surfaces as developmental grooves into the gingival embrasure. The contacts with adjacent teeth are in the occlusal third of the tooth with the distal height of contour slightly closer to the gingival than the mesial height of contour. The root is generally straight with slight curvature to the distal in the apical third. Viewed from the mesial or distal the buccal height of contour is in the gingival third of the tooth. The lingual height of contour is in the middle third of the tooth (not the middle third of the lingual cusp). When divided into thirds from the buccal height of contour to the lingual height of contour, the buccal cusp is at the contact between the buccal and middle thirds and the central groove is at the contact of the middle and lingual thirds. The two cusp variety generally has a groove pattern shaped like a “U” or “H”. Viewed from the occlusal it is more rounded in general and its lingual cusp is positioned slightly to the mesial, while the occlusal table remains squared. Viewed from the buccal the buccal cusp is centered over the root as in the three cusp variety. Viewed from the mesial or distal its heights of contour are similar to the three cusp variety. Sometimes, premolars are referred to as bicuspids. Even though the terms are synonymous, "bicuspid" refers to having two functional cusps, and the mandibular second premolar is an example of a premolar with three functional cusps. Thus, "biscupid" is technically not as accurate as "premolar". In the universal system of notation, the permanent mandibular premolars are designated by a number. The right permanent mandibular second premolar is known as "29", and the left one is known as "20". In the Palmer notation, a number is used in conjunction with a symbol designating in which quadrant the tooth is found. For this tooth, the left and right second premolars would have the same number, "5", but the right one would have the symbol, "┐", over it, while the left one would have, "┌". The international notation has a different numbering system than the previous two, and the right permanent mandibular second premolar is known as "45", and the left one is known as "35". It is a very common condition in orthodontics for a patient to have one or both mandibular second premolars congenitally absent. (en)
- I premolari inferiori hanno la caratteristica di essere abbastanza differenti tra loro, e disposti in serie ascendente: il secondo è dunque più grande del primo, a differenza dei superiori. Possiedono una cuspide vestibolare più voluminosa della linguale. Il secondo premolare inferiore ha mediamente un'altezza di 22.5 mm, di cui 8 coronali e 14.5 radicolari e un diametro mesiodistale piuttosto stretto (7 mm), e uno vestibolo-linguale di 8 mm. Lingualmente può presentare due cuspidi anziché una. Somiglia decisamente più a un molare che ad un canino. (it)
- 下顎第二小臼歯（かがくだいにしょうきゅうし、英語: mandibular second premolar）は下顎第一小臼歯の遠心にある小臼歯。近心側隣接歯は下顎第一小臼歯、遠心側隣接歯は下顎第一大臼歯、対合歯は上顎第一小臼歯と上顎第二小臼歯である。 下顎第二小臼歯の機能は、咀嚼中に下顎第一大臼歯のアシストを行うことである。下顎第二小臼歯は通常三咬頭である。頬側に大きな咬頭がある。舌側二咬頭は良く発達し、機能咬頭である。したがって、下顎第一小臼歯は犬歯に似ているが、下顎第二小臼歯は下顎第一大臼歯に似ている。 生後2年～2.25年の頃に石灰化を開始し、歯冠の完成は6～7歳頃、11～12歳で口腔に萌出し、12～14歳頃に歯根が完成する。 日本では一般的に、左側第二小臼歯を左下5番（表記は┌の中に5を入れた物）、右側第二小臼歯を右下5番（表記は┐の中に5を入れた物）と呼ぶが、この他、左側を20、右側を29とする表記法や、左側を35、右側を45とする表記法も国際的に知られる。 (ja)
- De tweede premolaar staat in het volwassen gebit direct achter de eerste premolaar, en vóór de eerste molaar. De mens heeft normaal 4 tweede premolaren, één in ieder kwadrant (zie afbeelding). Premolaren worden ook weleens valse kiezen genoemd, omdat ze kleiner zijn dan de molaren. Ze hebben in mesiodistale (voorachterwaartse) richting een enkelvoudige knobbelstructuur. De functie van de premolaren is het vermalen van het voedsel door roterende bewegingen te maken. In het melkgebit komen geen premolaren voor. In het wisselgebit verschijnen ze meestal als laatste; eerst de eerste premolaren, dan de tweede premolaren. Dit gebeurt in de periode van 10 tot 13 jaar. (nl)
- O Segundo pré-molar inferior é um dente inserido no osso mandibular. (pt)
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