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The Vie Cave (in English excavated roads), also known in Italian as Cavoni, is a road network in southern Europe, found in Spain, Italy, Turkey and as far east as Jordan. In Italy they partly link an Etruscan necropolis and several settlements in the area between Sovana, Sorano and Pitigliano. They consist mainly of trenches of variable width and length, excavated as nearly vertical cliffs in different types of bedrock, sometimes over sixty feet high, possibly serving as a defense system against invaders, wild animals or forces of nature. Although often dated as being carved by pre-Roman civilisations in the first or second millennium BC, the builders and purpose of the road system are largely unclear, and there are indications that they are much older than assumed.

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  • Vie Cave (de)
  • Via Cava (fr)
  • Vie Cave (it)
  • Via cava (en)
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  • La Via Cava (au pluriel en italien : Vie Cave, nommées aussi Cavoni), est le nom donné à des chemins d'origine étrusque, profondes et étroites tranchées taillées dans le tuf des collines. Leur profondeur par rapport au sol naturel peut atteindre, en certains endroits, une quinzaine de mètres. Une vingtaine d'entre elles relient les sites des nécropoles étrusques de Sorano, Sovana et Pitigliano. Il s'agit d'aménagements typiques et uniques caractéristiques de l'Area del Tufo en Toscane. (fr)
  • Die Vie Cave (italienisch auch Cavoni) sind teils tief gegrabene Straßen in der heutigen Gegend zwischen Sovana, Sorano und Pitigliano in der Provinz Grosseto in der Toskana. Sie bestehen hauptsächlich aus Gräben unterschiedlicher Breite und Länge, die als fast senkrechte Schluchten in verschiedene Arten von Grundgestein gegraben wurden, manchmal über 20 Meter tief, und möglicherweise als Verteidigungssystem gegen Eindringlinge, wilde Tiere oder Naturgewalten dienten. (de)
  • The Vie Cave (in English excavated roads), also known in Italian as Cavoni, is a road network in southern Europe, found in Spain, Italy, Turkey and as far east as Jordan. In Italy they partly link an Etruscan necropolis and several settlements in the area between Sovana, Sorano and Pitigliano. They consist mainly of trenches of variable width and length, excavated as nearly vertical cliffs in different types of bedrock, sometimes over sixty feet high, possibly serving as a defense system against invaders, wild animals or forces of nature. Although often dated as being carved by pre-Roman civilisations in the first or second millennium BC, the builders and purpose of the road system are largely unclear, and there are indications that they are much older than assumed. (en)
  • Le Vie Cave, denominate anche Cavoni, costituiscono una suggestiva rete viaria di epoca etrusca che collega vari insediamenti e necropoli nell'area compresa tra Sovana, Sorano e Pitigliano, sviluppandosi prevalentemente in trincea tra ripide pareti rocciose di tufo, a tratti alte oltre i venti metri: queste caratteristiche costituivano anche un efficace sistema di difesa contro possibili invasori. Le Vie Cave costituiscono oggi un habitat ideale per varie specie di felci, come lo Scolopendrium Vulgare e l'Adiantum Capillus Veneris, meglio noto come Capelvenere. (it)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pitigliano,_via_cava_etrusca_(il_cavone)_08.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Via_Cava_Necropoli_Sovana.jpg
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  • 42.65 11.65
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  • Die Vie Cave (italienisch auch Cavoni) sind teils tief gegrabene Straßen in der heutigen Gegend zwischen Sovana, Sorano und Pitigliano in der Provinz Grosseto in der Toskana. Sie bestehen hauptsächlich aus Gräben unterschiedlicher Breite und Länge, die als fast senkrechte Schluchten in verschiedene Arten von Grundgestein gegraben wurden, manchmal über 20 Meter tief, und möglicherweise als Verteidigungssystem gegen Eindringlinge, wilde Tiere oder Naturgewalten dienten. Obwohl oft angenommen wird, dass sie von vorrömischen Zivilisationen im 1. oder 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. angelegt wurden, sind die Erbauer und der Zweck des Straßensystems weitgehend unklar, und es gibt Hinweise darauf, dass sie viel älter sind als angenommen. Solche Straßennetze sind auch anderorts in Südeuropa, in Spanien, der Türkei und im Osten bis nach Jordanien bekannt. In Italien sind sie manchmal schmale, manchmal breitere Einschnitte, die oft tief durch Hügel und Grundgestein verlaufen, und es wird angenommen, dass sie sich seit der Zeit der Etrusker kaum verändert haben. Sie sollen entstanden sein durch das Einwirken eisenbeschlagener Räder auf den weichen Tuffstein, aber auch auf härteres Grundgestein, deren tiefe Spurrillen es erforderlich machten, die Straße immer wieder auf eine ebene Oberfläche zu schleifen. Ihre Datierung leitet sich hauptsächlich aus den Siedlungen ab, zwischen denen sie hindurchgehen, und Gegenständen aus Gräbern neben ihnen. Diese Datierung wird von denjenigen als unsicher angesehen, die auf das Ausmaß der Versteinerung der sogenannten Karrenspuren hinweisen. In der Römerzeit wurden Teile der Via Cave Teil des Straßensystems, das mit der Hauptstraße der Via Clodia verbunden war, einer alten Straße, die Rom und Manciano durch die Stadt Tuscania verband, die von der Cassia-Straße im Gebiet von Latium abzweigte. Breitere Abschnitte sind sogar im modernen Straßensystem enthalten. (de)
  • La Via Cava (au pluriel en italien : Vie Cave, nommées aussi Cavoni), est le nom donné à des chemins d'origine étrusque, profondes et étroites tranchées taillées dans le tuf des collines. Leur profondeur par rapport au sol naturel peut atteindre, en certains endroits, une quinzaine de mètres. Une vingtaine d'entre elles relient les sites des nécropoles étrusques de Sorano, Sovana et Pitigliano. Il s'agit d'aménagements typiques et uniques caractéristiques de l'Area del Tufo en Toscane. (fr)
  • The Vie Cave (in English excavated roads), also known in Italian as Cavoni, is a road network in southern Europe, found in Spain, Italy, Turkey and as far east as Jordan. In Italy they partly link an Etruscan necropolis and several settlements in the area between Sovana, Sorano and Pitigliano. They consist mainly of trenches of variable width and length, excavated as nearly vertical cliffs in different types of bedrock, sometimes over sixty feet high, possibly serving as a defense system against invaders, wild animals or forces of nature. Although often dated as being carved by pre-Roman civilisations in the first or second millennium BC, the builders and purpose of the road system are largely unclear, and there are indications that they are much older than assumed. In Italy they are sometimes narrow, sometimes wider cuttings often running deeply through hills and bedrock, and are thought to have changed little since Etruscan times. Their construction is said to have resulted from the wearing through soft tuff but also harder bedrock by iron-rimmed wheels, creating deep ruts that required the road to be frequently recut to a smooth surface. Their dating is mainly deduced from the settlements they pass between, and objects from tombs beside them. This dating is deemed uncertain by those pointing out the extent of petrifaction of the so-called cart ruts. In Roman times segments of the Vie Cave became part of a road system that was connected to the main trunk of the Via Clodia, an ancient road linking Rome and Manciano, through the city of Tuscania, which branched off from the Cassia road in Lazio territory. Wider segments are even included in the modern road system. (en)
  • Le Vie Cave, denominate anche Cavoni, costituiscono una suggestiva rete viaria di epoca etrusca che collega vari insediamenti e necropoli nell'area compresa tra Sovana, Sorano e Pitigliano, sviluppandosi prevalentemente in trincea tra ripide pareti rocciose di tufo, a tratti alte oltre i venti metri: queste caratteristiche costituivano anche un efficace sistema di difesa contro possibili invasori. In epoca romana, le Vie Cave entrarono a far parte di un sistema viario che si connetteva al tronco principale della via Clodia, antica strada di collegamento tra Roma e Saturnia, attraverso la città di Tuscania, che si diramava dalla via Cassia in territorio laziale. Le Vie Cave costituiscono oggi un habitat ideale per varie specie di felci, come lo Scolopendrium Vulgare e l'Adiantum Capillus Veneris, meglio noto come Capelvenere. (it)
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