Xyniae or Xyniai (Greek: Ξυνίαι) was an ancient city in Achaea Phthiotis, Ancient Thessaly, in Greece. In the Middle Ages, it was known as Ezeros (Ἐζερός). The city was located on the western slopes of Mount Othrys, some 4 km southwest of the modern village of Xyniada (in the Phthiotis Prefecture). The city was strategically located as it controlled the passages along the nearby Lake Xynias, from Lamia to Thaumaci (modern Domokos). During the second half of the 3rd century BC the city was Aetolian, but passed to Macedonia after that, only to be plundered and its population massacred by the Aetolians in 198 BC. In 186/5 BC it passed under Thessalian control, and then under Roman rule.
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| - Sinia (ciudad) (es)
- Ezeros (fr)
- Xyniae (en)
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| - Xyniae ou Xyniai (grec ancien : Ξυνίαι) est une ancienne cité grecque d’Achaïe Phthiotide en Thessalie. À l’époque médiévale[Quand ?], elle porte le nom d’Ezeros (Ἐζερός), nom slave-bulgare qui signifie « lac » en français et avec le suffixe grec « ς ». La tribu slave méridionale Ézérites a la même étymologie. Il était situé sur les rives d'un lac asséché dans la partie ouest du Mont Othrys et était une colonie épiscopale[Laquelle ?] tout au long du Moyen Âge selon Notitia episcopatuum[réf. nécessaire]. (fr)
- Sinia o Xinias (en griego, Ξυνία, Ξυνίαι) es el nombre de una antigua ciudad griega de Tesalia, cerca del límite del territorio de los enianes. Tito Livio la cita en el marco de la segunda guerra macedónica: en el año 198 a. C., tras la retirada de Filipo V de Macedonia del territorio de Tesalia, y después de que Acarra fuera ocupada por los etolios, los campesinos de Sinia, aterrorizados y sin armas, abandonaron su ciudad pero en su huida se encontraron con soldados etolios que los mataron. A continuación los etolios ocuparon la ciudad. (es)
- Xyniae or Xyniai (Greek: Ξυνίαι) was an ancient city in Achaea Phthiotis, Ancient Thessaly, in Greece. In the Middle Ages, it was known as Ezeros (Ἐζερός). The city was located on the western slopes of Mount Othrys, some 4 km southwest of the modern village of Xyniada (in the Phthiotis Prefecture). The city was strategically located as it controlled the passages along the nearby Lake Xynias, from Lamia to Thaumaci (modern Domokos). During the second half of the 3rd century BC the city was Aetolian, but passed to Macedonia after that, only to be plundered and its population massacred by the Aetolians in 198 BC. In 186/5 BC it passed under Thessalian control, and then under Roman rule. (en)
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| - The site of ancient Xyniae at Nisí. (en)
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| - Ancient Greek, Roman, Slavic, Byzantine (en)
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| - Settlement, ancient polis. (en)
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| - Sinia o Xinias (en griego, Ξυνία, Ξυνίαι) es el nombre de una antigua ciudad griega de Tesalia, cerca del límite del territorio de los enianes. Tito Livio la cita en el marco de la segunda guerra macedónica: en el año 198 a. C., tras la retirada de Filipo V de Macedonia del territorio de Tesalia, y después de que Acarra fuera ocupada por los etolios, los campesinos de Sinia, aterrorizados y sin armas, abandonaron su ciudad pero en su huida se encontraron con soldados etolios que los mataron. A continuación los etolios ocuparon la ciudad. Es mencionada también por Esteban de Bizancio, que señala que fue citada por Polibio en su libro noveno. Se identifica con unos restos situados en la orilla oriental del lago Sinia, a 4 kilómetros de la actual población de , que antes se había llamado Daoukli. Se trataba de un pequeño territorio cuya topografía proporcionaba buenas condiciones para la defensa frente a ataques militares. (es)
- Xyniae ou Xyniai (grec ancien : Ξυνίαι) est une ancienne cité grecque d’Achaïe Phthiotide en Thessalie. À l’époque médiévale[Quand ?], elle porte le nom d’Ezeros (Ἐζερός), nom slave-bulgare qui signifie « lac » en français et avec le suffixe grec « ς ». La tribu slave méridionale Ézérites a la même étymologie. Il était situé sur les rives d'un lac asséché dans la partie ouest du Mont Othrys et était une colonie épiscopale[Laquelle ?] tout au long du Moyen Âge selon Notitia episcopatuum[réf. nécessaire]. (fr)
- Xyniae or Xyniai (Greek: Ξυνίαι) was an ancient city in Achaea Phthiotis, Ancient Thessaly, in Greece. In the Middle Ages, it was known as Ezeros (Ἐζερός). The city was located on the western slopes of Mount Othrys, some 4 km southwest of the modern village of Xyniada (in the Phthiotis Prefecture). The city was strategically located as it controlled the passages along the nearby Lake Xynias, from Lamia to Thaumaci (modern Domokos). During the second half of the 3rd century BC the city was Aetolian, but passed to Macedonia after that, only to be plundered and its population massacred by the Aetolians in 198 BC. In 186/5 BC it passed under Thessalian control, and then under Roman rule. The city was still known under its ancient name in the 6th century AD, being mentioned by Stephanus Byzantius; but following the subsequent Slavic invasions and settlement it disappears, only to reappear in the 9th century as "Ezeros", after the Slavic word for "lake". The name survived until recently for the nearby village of . The medieval town is mostly known as a bishopric (attested since 879), being featured in the Notitiae Episcopatuum until well into Ottoman times. A castle was built amidst the ruins of the ancient acropolis; in part its outer walls follow the ancient foundations, but overall it encloses a much smaller space than the ancient fortifications. In ca. 957 the leader of a local revolt, Theodosios, sought refuge in Ezeros. In the 1198 chrysobull of Alexios III Angelos to the Republic of Venice, it is mentioned as a chartoularaton. After the Fourth Crusade, the see came under Roman Catholic control (Nazorescensis) for a time, as a suffragan see of the Latin Archbishopric of Larissa; its first Catholic bishop was elected but never consecrated, and took part at the Second Parliament of Ravennika in 1210. By 1212 the see was vacant, and Pope Innocent III gave the bishopric to the bishop of nearby Zetounion (Lamia). The latter exploited it so mercilessly that the grant was withdrawn within a year. The town returned under Greek control soon after that, and in 1250, its bishop, a certain John Xeros, became Metropolitan of Nafpaktos. As of the nineteenth century, William Smith remarked that the site of the ancient city was marked by some remains of ruined edifices upon a promontory or peninsula in Lake Xynias, a site now called Koromilia or Nisi. (en)
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| - The site of ancient Xyniae at Nisí. (en)
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