rdfs:comment
| - In Poland, the common courts (Polish: sądy powszechne), according to article 177 of the Constitution, are the courts of general jurisdiction, i.e. they rule on all cases in which the jurisdiction has not been explicitly transferred to other courts. This includes a broad range of cases, including civil, criminal, labour, economic and insurance law. The other types of courts recognised in Poland are administrative courts and military courts. The territorial jurisdiction of these courts and their creation is regulated by the minister of justice. (en)
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has abstract
| - In Poland, the common courts (Polish: sądy powszechne), according to article 177 of the Constitution, are the courts of general jurisdiction, i.e. they rule on all cases in which the jurisdiction has not been explicitly transferred to other courts. This includes a broad range of cases, including civil, criminal, labour, economic and insurance law. The other types of courts recognised in Poland are administrative courts and military courts. The territorial jurisdiction of these courts and their creation is regulated by the minister of justice. Poland has a three-tier system of common courts. Most of the cases land in one of 318 regional courts (Polish: sądy rejonowe), whose rulings may be appealed to 47 district courts (Polish: sądy okręgowe). The latter courts also hear some cases in their original jurisdiction, which tend to be cases where high sums of money are disputed, the ones about serious crimes, and some that deal with narrow subjects, like intellectual property, surveillance, competition law, and personal rights. District court rulings issued in the original jurisdiction may be appealed to an appeal court (Polish: sąd apelacyjny); despite the name, the appeal courts will also serve as the courts of original jurisdiction in disciplinary cases against common court judges. After the courts of two instances have reviewed their cases, a cassation or its equivalent may be lodged in the Supreme Court. Apart from their strictly judicial duties, the common courts in Poland maintain several registries. The National Court Register (Krajowy Rejestr Sądowy) maintains information about most companies in Poland; other such databases include the land and mortgage registry, the register of press outlets, the register of political parties, the register of pension and investment funds, the registry of ships, and the register of pledges. (en)
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