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The Da Ming Baochao (simplified Chinese: 大明宝钞; traditional Chinese: 大明寶鈔; pinyin: dà míng bǎo chāo) was a series of banknotes issued during the Ming dynasty in China. They were first issued in 1375 under the Hongwu Emperor. Although initially the Da Ming Baochao paper money was successful, the fact that it was a fiat currency and that the government largely stopped accepting these notes caused the people to lose faith in them as a valid currency causing the price of silver relative to paper money to increase. The negative experiences with inflation that the Ming dynasty had witnessed signaled the Manchus to not repeat this mistake until the first Chinese banknotes after almost 400 years were issued again in response to the Taiping Rebellion under the Qing dynasty's Xianfeng Emperor during

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rdf:type
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  • Da Ming Baochao (en)
  • 대명보초 (ko)
  • 大明宝鈔 (ja)
  • 大明宝钞 (zh)
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  • 大明宝鈔(だいみんほうしょう、簡: 大明宝钞、繁: 大明寶鈔)とは中国の明王朝が発行した紙幣を指す。以後、宝鈔と略記する。1375年から発行された宝鈔は、歴史上で最大の紙幣とされている。 明の貨幣制度は前王朝の元を引き継いだ部分がありつつも、王朝を通じた統一的な貨幣政策は存在しなかった。明では小額の取引用として銅銭、高額取引用として宝鈔が発行された。中国では宋の時代から紙幣が使われていたが、宋の紙幣である交子や、元の紙幣である交鈔と異なり、明の宝鈔は臨時支出の手段として断続的に発行された。宝鈔と銅銭との固定レートは設定されていたが、価値を維持するための政策が不十分であり、価値が下落していった。 (ja)
  • The Da Ming Baochao (simplified Chinese: 大明宝钞; traditional Chinese: 大明寶鈔; pinyin: dà míng bǎo chāo) was a series of banknotes issued during the Ming dynasty in China. They were first issued in 1375 under the Hongwu Emperor. Although initially the Da Ming Baochao paper money was successful, the fact that it was a fiat currency and that the government largely stopped accepting these notes caused the people to lose faith in them as a valid currency causing the price of silver relative to paper money to increase. The negative experiences with inflation that the Ming dynasty had witnessed signaled the Manchus to not repeat this mistake until the first Chinese banknotes after almost 400 years were issued again in response to the Taiping Rebellion under the Qing dynasty's Xianfeng Emperor during (en)
  • 대명보초(大明宝钞)는 중국 명(明) 왕조에서 발행되었던 지폐로, 명 왕조 270여 년에 걸쳐 통용된 유일한 지폐였다. 홍무(洪武) 8년(1375년)에 처음 제조되었다. 당시 구리의 부족을 겪고 있던 때에 홍무제는 홍무 7년(1374년)에 '초법(鈔法)'을 반포, 보초제거사(宝钞提举司)를 설치하고 그 아래에 초지(抄纸), 인초(印鈔) 2국(局)과 보초(宝钞), 행용(行用) 2고(庫)를 두었다. 이듬해부터 명의 중서성(中書省) 명의로 대명보초를 발행하기 시작하였다. 홍무 22년(1389년)에 명 조정은 또 다섯 종류의 작은 지폐를 발행했는데, 즉 10문(拾文), 20문(贰拾文), 30문(叁拾文), 40문(肆拾文), 50문(伍拾文)으로, 표면의 폭이 비교적 작았다. 영락 이후로도 대명보초에 새겨지는 연호는 홍무 연호로 유지되었고 민간에서 황금과 백은으로 거래하는 것을 금지했다. 그 뒤 명 왕조는 다시 지폐를 발행하지 않았다. 《옥경신담》(玉鏡新譚)에는 명의 희종(熹宗)이 자주 새로운 보초를 가지고 신하들에게 상으로 내렸다고 기록되어 있다. (ko)
  • 大明宝钞是明朝官方发行的唯一纸币,该纸币贯行于明朝二百七十多年。明太祖洪武八年(1375年)始造。由于当时缺铜,于是明洪武七年颁布“钞法”,设宝钞提举司,其下再设抄纸、印钞二局和宝钞、行用二库。并于次年以中书省名义发行。 大明宝钞印框高约30厘米、宽约20厘米,是世界上面积最大的纸币。宝钞分六等:壹贯、五百文、四百文、三百文、二百文、一百文,一贯等于铜钱一千文或白银一两,四贯合黄金一两,票面上端為“大明通行寶鈔”六個漢字。初行宝钞时,一石米值钞一贯。 《明会典》记载:“以桑穰为料,其制方,高一尺,广六寸,质青色,外为龙文花栏,横题其额曰‘大明通行寶鈔’,其内上两旁复为篆文八字,曰‘大明宝钞 天下通行’。中图钱贯,十串为壹贯,其下云‘中书省奏准印造大明宝钞与铜钱通行使用,伪造者斩,告捕者赏银二百五十两,仍给犯人财产。’若伍佰文,则画钱文为五串,余如其制,而递减之。其等凡六:曰一贯,曰五百文、四百文、三百文、二百文、一百文。每钞一贯,准钱千文,银一两;四贯准黄金一两。” 洪武二十二年(1389年)朝廷又发行小钞5种,即拾文、贰拾文、叁拾文、肆拾文、伍拾文,票面幅面较小。永樂以后印行宝钞仍用洪武年号,且禁止民间用黃金、白银买卖交易。 (zh)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Printing_plate_for_the_Ming_one_string_banknote.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1_Guàn_(1000_wén)_-_Treasury_of_the_Ming_Dynasty_(1368-1399)_01.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/大明通行寳鈔_銭一貫文紙幣.jpg
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