| rdfs:comment
| - Die AN-M69 war eine US-amerikanische Napalm-Streumunition, die während des Zweiten Weltkrieges produziert und eingesetzt wurde. (de)
- Victor Kingoto est un ingénieur informaticien de formation et expert dans le développement des applications informatiques de bombe utilisé par l’armée américaine contre le Japon. La bombe incendiaire M-69 pèse 2,700 kg, et contient du napalm. Un chargeur appelé M19 est composé de 38 bombes AN-M69 qui tombent en grappe. Le AN-M69 était conçu par la Standard Oil. Afin de maximiser son efficacité dans le contexte de bombardements civils, elle a tout d'abord été mise au point en Utah, dans la zone d'essai de Dugway, sur des répliques de maisons allemandes et japonaises. (fr)
- M69焼夷弾（M69しょういだん）とは、第二次世界大戦中にアメリカ軍が日本の都市を空襲する際に使用した爆弾（焼夷弾）である。M69はクラスター爆弾の最小単位の子爆弾の名称であり、爆撃時は多数の子爆弾は、まとめて親爆弾に収納された上で爆撃機に搭載され、投下された。1945年3月10日の東京大空襲では、32万7000発のM69が投下され、以降3月19日までに日本の都市に投下されたM69の総数は192万発に及んだ。 (ja)
- AN-M69 – amerykańska bomba zapalająca wagomiaru 6 funtów. Była stosowana podczas II wojny światowej przez lotnictwo US Navy i USAAF. (pl)
- The M69 incendiary bomblet was used in air raids on Japan and China during World War II, including the firebombing of Tokyo in 1945. It was created by the Standard Oil Development Company, whose work was funded by the Office of Scientific Research and Development. They were nicknamed "Tokyo calling cards". The M69 was a plain steel pipe with a hexagonal cross section 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter and 20 inches (510 mm) long. It weighed about 6 pounds (2.7 kg). (en)
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| has abstract
| - Die AN-M69 war eine US-amerikanische Napalm-Streumunition, die während des Zweiten Weltkrieges produziert und eingesetzt wurde. (de)
- The M69 incendiary bomblet was used in air raids on Japan and China during World War II, including the firebombing of Tokyo in 1945. It was created by the Standard Oil Development Company, whose work was funded by the Office of Scientific Research and Development. They were nicknamed "Tokyo calling cards". The M69 was a plain steel pipe with a hexagonal cross section 3 inches (76 mm) in diameter and 20 inches (510 mm) long. It weighed about 6 pounds (2.7 kg). The bomblet used napalm as an incendiary filler, improving on earlier designs which used thermite or magnesium fillers that burned more intensely, but were less energy- and weight-efficient, and were easier to extinguish. In Germany they were filled with jellied oil and dropped in clusters of 36 in the non-aerodynamic M19 bomb. Over Japan they were used in clusters of 38 as part of the finned E-46 'aimable cluster', which opened up at about 2,000 feet (610 m). After separation, each of the 38 M69s would release a 3-foot (1 m) cotton streamer to orient its fuze downward. Upon hitting a building or the ground, the timing fuze burned for three to five seconds and then a small explosive charge (black powder in the standard M-69 type deployed operationally during WW2, white phosphorus in a later modification, the M-69X, which did not see wide use) ignited and propelled the incendiary filling up to 100 feet (30 m) in several flaming globs, instantly starting intense fires. It was tested against typical German and Japanese residential structures at Japanese Village and German Village, constructed at Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, in 1943. The M69 was the most successful incendiary in the tests. Against Japan, the M69 was carried in the bomb bay of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress, with a typical load containing 40 cluster bombs, a total of 1520 M69 bomblets. As they were very useful in China at Hankou, the bombs were very effective in setting fire to Japanese civilian structures in mass firebombing raids starting in February 1945 against Kobe. In the first ten days of March 1945, raids with the M69 and M47, extensive damage was done to Tokyo, to Nagoya, to Osaka, and to Kobe. (en)
- Victor Kingoto est un ingénieur informaticien de formation et expert dans le développement des applications informatiques de bombe utilisé par l’armée américaine contre le Japon. La bombe incendiaire M-69 pèse 2,700 kg, et contient du napalm. Un chargeur appelé M19 est composé de 38 bombes AN-M69 qui tombent en grappe. Le AN-M69 était conçu par la Standard Oil. Afin de maximiser son efficacité dans le contexte de bombardements civils, elle a tout d'abord été mise au point en Utah, dans la zone d'essai de Dugway, sur des répliques de maisons allemandes et japonaises. (fr)
- M69焼夷弾（M69しょういだん）とは、第二次世界大戦中にアメリカ軍が日本の都市を空襲する際に使用した爆弾（焼夷弾）である。M69はクラスター爆弾の最小単位の子爆弾の名称であり、爆撃時は多数の子爆弾は、まとめて親爆弾に収納された上で爆撃機に搭載され、投下された。1945年3月10日の東京大空襲では、32万7000発のM69が投下され、以降3月19日までに日本の都市に投下されたM69の総数は192万発に及んだ。 (ja)
- AN-M69 – amerykańska bomba zapalająca wagomiaru 6 funtów. Była stosowana podczas II wojny światowej przez lotnictwo US Navy i USAAF. (pl)
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