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Menahem the Essene (Hebrew: מנחם) was a Jewish tanna sage living during the era of the Zugot (lit. "pairs"). As such, he was "paired" with Hillel the Elder and served as Av Beit Din. The Mishnah, states that he "went forth [out]", and as a result of that he was replaced by Shammai, who became from that point on the zug of Hillel the Elder. The Jerusalem Talmud cites an additional opinion, that Menahem agreed to be appointed to a ministration position in order to revoke Governmental predestinations against Torah studying.

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  • Menahem (Zougot) (fr)
  • Menahem l'Esseno (it)
  • Menahem the Essene (en)
  • Menaém, o essénio (pt)
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  • Menaém (ou Menachem), dito o essénio, teria sido um líder dos Essénios ao tempo do Rei Herodes, o Grande. O conhecimento que nos chega dele advém de várias fontes. Flávio Josefo refere-se a ele. A Mishna e o Talmud de Jerusalém também se refere a um Menaém. Alguns investigadores, entre os quais , sugeriram que eles sejam a mesma pessoa. Segundo as fontes rabínicas, Menaém era membro da corte do Rei Herodes, o que vai ao encontro com o que diz Flávio Josefo. O académico Israel Knohl avançou a hipótese de este Menaém ser um messias anterior a Jesus, que tentou iniciar uma revolta contra Roma após a morte do Rei Herodes e ter sido morto pelos romanos, que deixaram o seu cadáver jazer no chão 3 dias na rua. (pt)
  • Menahem the Essene (Hebrew: מנחם) was a Jewish tanna sage living during the era of the Zugot (lit. "pairs"). As such, he was "paired" with Hillel the Elder and served as Av Beit Din. The Mishnah, states that he "went forth [out]", and as a result of that he was replaced by Shammai, who became from that point on the zug of Hillel the Elder. The Jerusalem Talmud cites an additional opinion, that Menahem agreed to be appointed to a ministration position in order to revoke Governmental predestinations against Torah studying. (en)
  • Menahem l'Esseno (in ebraico: מנחם‎?, Menahem; ... – ...; fl. I secolo a.C.) è stato un rabbino ebreo antico, saggio Tanna vissuto alla fine dell'era Zugot. Era "appaiato" (per cui: "Zugot", paia) con Hillel il Vecchio e officiava quale Av Beit Din. La Mishnah, Trattato "Hagigah" 16b, afferma che "andò oltre [via]", e quindi fu rimpiazzato da Shammai, che a quel punto diventò il secondo del "paio" con Hillel. (it)
  • Menahem l'Essénien (en hébreu : מנחם, Menahem) était un juif Tanna (sage) vivant à l'époque du roi Hérode le Grand (37 - 4 av. J.-C.). En tant que zougot (litt « paires »), il est « jumelé » avec Hillel l'Ancien. Menahem est exclu, et c'est alors Shammaï qui lui succède. Selon Flavius Josèphe, Menahem aurait été en bon terme avec le roi de Judée, Hérode le Grand ; en se fondant sur certaines mentions de la Mishna, plusieurs commentateurs estiment qu'il serait devenu l'un de ses conseils ou de ses ministres. C'est peut-être pour cette raison qu'il aurait été exclu du sanhédrin, mais il semble que certaines autorités pharisiennes ont considéré qu'il était « sorti » du judaïsme, voire qu'il aurait été excommunié, en même temps que 160 de ses disciples, bien que tous les « sages » n'aient pas (fr)
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  • Menahem l'Essénien (en hébreu : מנחם, Menahem) était un juif Tanna (sage) vivant à l'époque du roi Hérode le Grand (37 - 4 av. J.-C.). En tant que zougot (litt « paires »), il est « jumelé » avec Hillel l'Ancien. Menahem est exclu, et c'est alors Shammaï qui lui succède. Selon Flavius Josèphe, Menahem aurait été en bon terme avec le roi de Judée, Hérode le Grand ; en se fondant sur certaines mentions de la Mishna, plusieurs commentateurs estiment qu'il serait devenu l'un de ses conseils ou de ses ministres. C'est peut-être pour cette raison qu'il aurait été exclu du sanhédrin, mais il semble que certaines autorités pharisiennes ont considéré qu'il était « sorti » du judaïsme, voire qu'il aurait été excommunié, en même temps que 160 de ses disciples, bien que tous les « sages » n'aient pas été d'accord à ce sujet. Dans l'immense corpus de la littérature rabbinique, Menahem est une figure exceptionnelle, car aucune loi ou déclaration attachée à son nom n'y est recensée. (fr)
  • Menahem the Essene (Hebrew: מנחם) was a Jewish tanna sage living during the era of the Zugot (lit. "pairs"). As such, he was "paired" with Hillel the Elder and served as Av Beit Din. The Mishnah, states that he "went forth [out]", and as a result of that he was replaced by Shammai, who became from that point on the zug of Hillel the Elder. The Babylonian Talmud cites a dispute among the sages over where Menahem "went forth [out]" to. Abaye argues that "He went forth [out] into evil courses [culture]", while Rava argues "He went forth [out] to the King's [God's] service". The Talmud then quotes a baraita supporting Rava's opinion: "Thus it is also taught: Menahem went forth [out] to the King's [God's] service, and there went forth [out] with him eighty pairs of disciples dressed in silk [regally]". The Jerusalem Talmud cites an additional opinion, that Menahem agreed to be appointed to a ministration position in order to revoke Governmental predestinations against Torah studying. The "Menahem" recorded in the Mishnah is thought to be the same as the one recounted in Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews, in which a story is told about a Menahem of the Essenes' sect. According to Josephus, when Menahem saw young Herod the Great going to school, he clapped him on the back and addressed him as king, announcing to him that he would reign successfully, despite Herod not being in the line of the royal dynasty. When Herod became king, he asked Menahem how long his reign would be. Initially, Menahem didn't reply, and Herod urged him "Would my reign last ten years?". Menahem replied that Herod would reign at least 30 years, but did not specify the exact number. Herod was pleased with Menahem's answer and dismissed him with a clasp of the hand and thenceforth bestowed special honors upon the Essenes. (en)
  • Menahem l'Esseno (in ebraico: מנחם‎?, Menahem; ... – ...; fl. I secolo a.C.) è stato un rabbino ebreo antico, saggio Tanna vissuto alla fine dell'era Zugot. Era "appaiato" (per cui: "Zugot", paia) con Hillel il Vecchio e officiava quale Av Beit Din. La Mishnah, Trattato "Hagigah" 16b, afferma che "andò oltre [via]", e quindi fu rimpiazzato da Shammai, che a quel punto diventò il secondo del "paio" con Hillel. Il Talmud babilonese menziona una disputa tra saggi su dove Menahem andò "oltre", cioè dove andò a finire. Abbaye asserisce che "andò via, verso il male di una cattiva cultura" (Hagigah, 16b), mentre scrive che "andò fuori, al servizio del Re (Dio)" (Hagigah, 16b). La Gemara cita una frase da un insegnamento Baraita, che sostiene l'opinione di Rava: "Quindi si insegna anche: Menahem andò fuori al servizio del Re [Dio], e con lui andarono ottanta paia di discepoli [regalmente] vestiti di seta" (Hagigah, 16b). il Talmud di Gerusalemme cita un'altra opinione, che Menahem accettò di esser nominato in una posizione ministeriale per poter revocare disposizioni governative contro lo studio [della Torah] (Yer. Hagigah, 2:2). Si pensa inoltre che il "Menahem" registrato nella Mishnah sia quello citato da Flavio Giuseppe nelle sue Antichità giudaiche (Lib. 19, Cap. 10:5), dove racconta una storia di certo 'Menahem' della setta degli Esseni. Secondo Flavio Giuseppe, quando Menahem vide il giovane Erode il Grande che andava a scuola, gli diede una pacca sulla schiena e lo apostrofò, annunciandogli che avrebbe regnato con successo, nonostante Erode non fosse nel lignaggio reale. Quando poi Erode divenne re, chiese a Menahem quanto sarebbe stato lungo il suo regno. Inizialmente Menahem non rispose, al che Erode insistette dicendo "Il mio regno durerà dieci anni?". Menahem rispose che Erode avrebbe regnato per lo meno 30 anni, ma non ne specificò esattamente il numero. Erode si compiacque della risposta di Menahem e lo congedò con una stretta di mano, dopodiché concesse onori speciali agli Esseni. (it)
  • Menaém (ou Menachem), dito o essénio, teria sido um líder dos Essénios ao tempo do Rei Herodes, o Grande. O conhecimento que nos chega dele advém de várias fontes. Flávio Josefo refere-se a ele. A Mishna e o Talmud de Jerusalém também se refere a um Menaém. Alguns investigadores, entre os quais , sugeriram que eles sejam a mesma pessoa. Segundo as fontes rabínicas, Menaém era membro da corte do Rei Herodes, o que vai ao encontro com o que diz Flávio Josefo. O académico Israel Knohl avançou a hipótese de este Menaém ser um messias anterior a Jesus, que tentou iniciar uma revolta contra Roma após a morte do Rei Herodes e ter sido morto pelos romanos, que deixaram o seu cadáver jazer no chão 3 dias na rua. (pt)
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