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NEPpeople (Russian: Нэпманы, romanized: Nepmani) were businesspeople in the early Soviet Union, who took advantage of the opportunities for private trade and small-scale manufacturing provided under the New Economic Policy (NEP, 1921-1928). The famine of 1921–1922 epitomized the adverse effects of war communism, and to mitigate those effects, Vladimir Lenin instituted the NEP, which encouraged private buying and selling, with people even being encouraged to "enrich yourselves", as one Bolshevik leader, Nikolai Bukharin, put it. However, many Bolsheviks saw the policy as "a step backwards". That included Lenin himself, who defended the measure as "taking one step backward to take two steps forward later on".

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  • Nepmann (de)
  • Nepmen (in)
  • NEPman (en)
  • NEPman (pt)
  • Нэпманы (ru)
rdfs:comment
  • Als Nepmann (Plural russisch Нэпманы – Nepmany) wurden Geschäftemacher während der Neuen Ökonomischen Politik (russische Abkürzung NEP, 1921–1928) in der Sowjetunion bezeichnet. Da die staatlichen Betriebe den Güterbedarf nicht decken konnten, wurden private Händler toleriert. Viele von ihnen kamen durch den Handel mit knappen Waren zu Wohlstand. Am 11. Oktober 1931 endete die Zeit der Nepmänner mit dem vollständigen Verbot des privaten Handels durch Stalin. (de)
  • NEPmen (bahasa Rusia: Нэпманы, Nepmani) adalah pengusaha di Uni Soviet yang mengambil laju kesempatan untuk perdagangan swasta dan penghasilan skala kecil di bawah Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru (1921-1928). KEB mewakili tanggapan untuk melawan ratio menurun di USSR pada awal 1920an di bawah kebijakan komunisme perang Lenin. (in)
  • NEPpeople (Russian: Нэпманы, romanized: Nepmani) were businesspeople in the early Soviet Union, who took advantage of the opportunities for private trade and small-scale manufacturing provided under the New Economic Policy (NEP, 1921-1928). The famine of 1921–1922 epitomized the adverse effects of war communism, and to mitigate those effects, Vladimir Lenin instituted the NEP, which encouraged private buying and selling, with people even being encouraged to "enrich yourselves", as one Bolshevik leader, Nikolai Bukharin, put it. However, many Bolsheviks saw the policy as "a step backwards". That included Lenin himself, who defended the measure as "taking one step backward to take two steps forward later on". (en)
  • NEPman (Plural: NEPmen, em russo: Нэпманы) é uma palavra de origem russa criada com a união das palavras NEP (Nova Política Econômica) e a palavra inglesa men (plural de "homem") para se referir aos homens de negócio da Nova Política Econômica. Os NEPs foram uma resposta às revoltas contra parcas rações na URSS durante o início da década de 1920 no âmbito da política de Lênin de comunismo de guerra, Vladimir Lenin reagiu, instituindo a NEP, que incentivou até mesmo a compra e a venda privadas. (pt)
  • Нэ́пманы (совбу́ры — советские буржуа) — разговорное название предпринимателей в Советской России и СССР в период НЭПа (1921—1931). Как указывала театровед Елизавета Уварова, собственно слово «нэпман» впервые прозвучало в эстрадном обозрении «Олимпийцы в Москве» (автор — фельетонист Р. Меч (Менделевич)) петроградского театра миниатюр «Коробочка» и сразу вошло в обиход.. Допускалось только мелкое предпринимательство. Нэпманы, согласно Конституции РСФСР 1918 года и Конституции РСФСР 1925 года, были лишены избирательных прав как «нетрудовые элементы». (ru)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1931._Китайгородская_стена.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Graph_of_Soviet_National_Income_Growth.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Russia,_ca._1920_LCCN2001703852.jpg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Делец,_Гримасы_НЭПа,_1922.jpg
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  • Als Nepmann (Plural russisch Нэпманы – Nepmany) wurden Geschäftemacher während der Neuen Ökonomischen Politik (russische Abkürzung NEP, 1921–1928) in der Sowjetunion bezeichnet. Da die staatlichen Betriebe den Güterbedarf nicht decken konnten, wurden private Händler toleriert. Viele von ihnen kamen durch den Handel mit knappen Waren zu Wohlstand. Am 11. Oktober 1931 endete die Zeit der Nepmänner mit dem vollständigen Verbot des privaten Handels durch Stalin. (de)
  • NEPpeople (Russian: Нэпманы, romanized: Nepmani) were businesspeople in the early Soviet Union, who took advantage of the opportunities for private trade and small-scale manufacturing provided under the New Economic Policy (NEP, 1921-1928). The famine of 1921–1922 epitomized the adverse effects of war communism, and to mitigate those effects, Vladimir Lenin instituted the NEP, which encouraged private buying and selling, with people even being encouraged to "enrich yourselves", as one Bolshevik leader, Nikolai Bukharin, put it. However, many Bolsheviks saw the policy as "a step backwards". That included Lenin himself, who defended the measure as "taking one step backward to take two steps forward later on". The biggest group of the 3 million or so NEPmen were engaged in handicrafts in the countryside, but those who traded or ran small businesses in the cities faced the most negative attitudes, especially because some amassed considerable fortunes. One of the main objectives of the Communist Party was to promote socialism, and the capitalist behavior of the NEPmen challenged that goal. However, given the economic benefits that NEPmen provided, the government allowed their existence. As they gained a better standard of living compared to their poor, working class counterparts, NEPmen became reviled, and stereotyped as greedy. Among ordinary folk, traditional hatred of profiteers found focus in the NEPmen, some of it acquiring an antisemitic tinge. That was reinforced by the official media representation of NEPmen as vulgar nouveaux riches. As Joseph Stalin consolidated his power, he moved aggressively to end the NEP and to put NEPmen out of business, eventually abolishing private commerce in 1931. (en)
  • NEPmen (bahasa Rusia: Нэпманы, Nepmani) adalah pengusaha di Uni Soviet yang mengambil laju kesempatan untuk perdagangan swasta dan penghasilan skala kecil di bawah Kebijakan Ekonomi Baru (1921-1928). KEB mewakili tanggapan untuk melawan ratio menurun di USSR pada awal 1920an di bawah kebijakan komunisme perang Lenin. (in)
  • NEPman (Plural: NEPmen, em russo: Нэпманы) é uma palavra de origem russa criada com a união das palavras NEP (Nova Política Econômica) e a palavra inglesa men (plural de "homem") para se referir aos homens de negócio da Nova Política Econômica. Os NEPs foram uma resposta às revoltas contra parcas rações na URSS durante o início da década de 1920 no âmbito da política de Lênin de comunismo de guerra, Vladimir Lenin reagiu, instituindo a NEP, que incentivou até mesmo a compra e a venda privadas. Na parte inferior da categoria "nepman", os judeus compunham 40 por cento de todos os artesãos soviéticos (35 por cento dos alfaiates de Leningrado, por exemplo); no topo, eles constituíam 33 por cento dos mais ricos empresários Moscovo. (pt)
  • Нэ́пманы (совбу́ры — советские буржуа) — разговорное название предпринимателей в Советской России и СССР в период НЭПа (1921—1931). Как указывала театровед Елизавета Уварова, собственно слово «нэпман» впервые прозвучало в эстрадном обозрении «Олимпийцы в Москве» (автор — фельетонист Р. Меч (Менделевич)) петроградского театра миниатюр «Коробочка» и сразу вошло в обиход.. Допускалось только мелкое предпринимательство. Нэпманы, согласно Конституции РСФСР 1918 года и Конституции РСФСР 1925 года, были лишены избирательных прав как «нетрудовые элементы». Со второй половины 1926 года началось осуществление политики по вытеснению частного сектора в экономике, прежде всего путём резкого увеличения налогов. 11 октября 1931 года было принято постановление о полном запрете частной торговли в СССР. К началу 1930-х годов в СССР частные предприниматели как социальная группа перестали существовать, бывшие нэпманы, продолжавшие вести предпринимательскую деятельность, подвергались репрессиям. (ru)
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