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| - The northern hardwood forest is a general type of North American forest ecosystem found over much of southeastern and south-central Canada, Ontario, and Quebec, extending south into the United States in northern New England, New York, and Pennsylvania, and west along the Great Lakes to Minnesota and western Ontario. Some ecologists consider it a transitional forest because it contains species common to both the oak-hickory forest community to the south and the Boreal forest community to the north. The trees and shrub species of the Northern Hardwood Forest are known for their brilliant fall colors, making the regions that contain this forest type popular fall foliage tourist destinations. (en)
- La northern hardwood forest est une sorte de forêt d'Amérique du Nord composée essentiellement des espèces comme l'Érable à sucre, le Bouleau jaune, le Hêtre d'Amérique, Viburnum lantanoides et l'Érable de Pennsylvanie. Cette forêt est présente dans le nord de la Nouvelle-Angleterre et de l'État de New York ainsi que dans la région des Grands Lacs entre le Minnesota et l'Ontario. Au sud de l'aire d'extension de la forêt se trouve la oak-hickory forest et au nord la forêt boréale. (fr)
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| has abstract
| - La northern hardwood forest est une sorte de forêt d'Amérique du Nord composée essentiellement des espèces comme l'Érable à sucre, le Bouleau jaune, le Hêtre d'Amérique, Viburnum lantanoides et l'Érable de Pennsylvanie. Cette forêt est présente dans le nord de la Nouvelle-Angleterre et de l'État de New York ainsi que dans la région des Grands Lacs entre le Minnesota et l'Ontario. Au sud de l'aire d'extension de la forêt se trouve la oak-hickory forest et au nord la forêt boréale. La forêt, connue pour la coloration de ses arbres en automne, est également constituée de la Pruche du Canada et le Pin blanc d'Amérique. Les animaux présents dans ce type de forêt sont entre autres la Mésange à tête noire, le Bruant à gorge blanche, le Jaseur d'Amérique, le Porc-épic, le Lièvre d'Amérique, le Cerf de Virginie, et l'Écureuil roux. Une grande partie de cette forêt n'est plus une forêt primaire car elle a été exploitée par les premiers colons arrivés dans la région. Elle est présente dans plusieurs parcs et forêts nationales comme , le Parc Adirondack, la Forêt nationale de White Mountain, la Forêt nationale de Green Mountain, le Parc national d'Acadia et le Parc national de Fundy. La forêt est également présente sur l'arête montagneuse de Metacomet Ridge à l'ouest du Massachusetts. (fr)
- The northern hardwood forest is a general type of North American forest ecosystem found over much of southeastern and south-central Canada, Ontario, and Quebec, extending south into the United States in northern New England, New York, and Pennsylvania, and west along the Great Lakes to Minnesota and western Ontario. Some ecologists consider it a transitional forest because it contains species common to both the oak-hickory forest community to the south and the Boreal forest community to the north. The trees and shrub species of the Northern Hardwood Forest are known for their brilliant fall colors, making the regions that contain this forest type popular fall foliage tourist destinations. Sugar maple, yellow birch, American beech, and white ash are the common key indicator tree and shrub species in the Northern Hardwood Forest. Other species include eastern hemlock and eastern white pine. Herb and heath species include wintergreen, wild sarsaparilla, and wood sorrel. Birds and animals common to the Northern Hardwood Forest include the black-capped chickadee, white-throated sparrow, cedar waxwing, porcupine, snowshoe hare, white-tailed deer, and American Red Squirrel. Most of the Northern Hardwood Forest is not virgin forest, it is regrowth following centuries of commercial timber harvesting and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes. This is particularly true of New England, New York, and Eastern Canada, where the land was cleared to make room for farms in the 17th and 18th centuries and subsequently abandoned in the 19th century when farming interests migrated to the midwestern United States and central Canada. The Northern Hardwood Forest is indigenous to several well-known parks and national forests, including the Boundary Waters region of Minnesota, New York's Adirondack Park, the White Mountain National Forest in New Hampshire, the Green Mountain National Forest in Vermont, Baxter State Park and Acadia National Park in Maine, and Fundy National Park in New Brunswick. The Berkshires region of western Massachusetts is very typical of a Northern Hardwood Forest ecosystem. Northern hardwood stands are also found in the higher elevations of the southern Blue Ridge Mountains, typically between 4,500 feet (1,400 m) and 5,500 feet (1,700 m), where climatic conditions resemble those in northern states and southern Canada. (en)
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