Sanford Leonard Segal (October 11, 1937 – May 7, 2010) was a mathematician and historian of science and mathematics at the University of Rochester. Mathematically he specialized in analytic number theory, and complex analysis. He wrote the textbook Nine Introductions in Complex Analysis (1981), and the tome Mathematicians Under the Nazis (2003), a historical recount from that period. He also taught courses in women's studies, and nuclear arms. He was on the Committee of Actuarial Studies at the University of Rochester.