has abstract
| - The velar lateral ejective affricate is a rare type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨k𝼄ʼ⟩ (extIPA; strict IPA: ⟨kʟ̝̊ʼ⟩). It is found in two forms in Archi, a Northeast Caucasian language of Dagestan, plain [k𝼄ʼ] and labialized [k𝼄ʷʼ]. It is further forward than velars in most languages, and might better be called prevelar. Archi also has voiceless (pulmonic) variants of its lateral affricates, several voiceless lateral fricatives, and a voiced lateral fricative at the same place of articulation, but no alveolar lateral fricatives or affricates. [k𝼄ʼ] is also found as an allophone of /kx/ (ejective after a nasal) in Zulu and Xhosa, and of the velar ejective affricate /kxʼ/ in Hadza. In the latter, it contrasts with palatal [c𝼆], as in [c𝼆ʼak𝼄ʼa] 'to cradle'. In fact, the velar ejective is reported to be lateral, or to have a lateral allophone, in various languages of Africa which have clicks, including Taa, various varieties of !Kung, Gǁana (including Gǀui dialect), Khwe (ǁAni dialect), and Khoekhoe. (en)
- 软腭挤喉边塞擦音是一种较罕见的辅音,用在某些口语中。国际音标中用来表记此音的符号是⟨kʟ̝̊ʼ⟩。 在达吉斯坦的一种东北高加索语系语言——里有两个形式:普通[k͡ʟ̝̊ʼ]和唇化 [k͡ʟ̝̊ʷʼ]。它远比常见的软腭音更靠前,可能可以称为“软腭前”。亚奇语同时还有边塞擦音的 (肺部气流音)变体,一些,以及作为同位异音, 但没有齿龈边擦音或塞擦音。 [kʟ̝̊ʼ]还被作为/kx/ (鼻音后的挤喉音)的同位异音在祖鲁语和科萨语, /kxʼ/的同位异音出现在Hadza语。后者和对立,如[cʼakʼa]“抚养”。事实上软腭挤喉音被报告为边音或有边音同位异音,在非洲数种有搭嘴音的语言如Taa语,的几种变体,Gǁana语(包括Gǀui方言), Khwe语(ǁAni方言)和科伊科伊语。 (zh)
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