Grammatical particles, or simply particles, are words that convey certain grammatical meanings. The term is often applied to words that are difficult to classify according to traditional grammar. Both Classical Chinese and Modern Standard Chinese make use of particles. In Chinese, particles are known as zhùcí (simplified Chinese: 助词; traditional Chinese: 助詞) or yǔzhùcí (语助词; 語助詞). They belong to function words (虚词; 虛詞; xūcí). In other words, they have no lexical meaning, but are used to indicate certain grammatical information. This contrasts with content words (实词; 實詞; shící). Particles in Chinese usually take the neutral tone.: p. 238
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| - Chinese particles (en)
- Partículas chinas (es)
- 漢語助詞 (zh)
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| - Grammatical particles, or simply particles, are words that convey certain grammatical meanings. The term is often applied to words that are difficult to classify according to traditional grammar. Both Classical Chinese and Modern Standard Chinese make use of particles. In Chinese, particles are known as zhùcí (simplified Chinese: 助词; traditional Chinese: 助詞) or yǔzhùcí (语助词; 語助詞). They belong to function words (虚词; 虛詞; xūcí). In other words, they have no lexical meaning, but are used to indicate certain grammatical information. This contrasts with content words (实词; 實詞; shící). Particles in Chinese usually take the neutral tone.: p. 238 (en)
- Las partículas chinas (en chino tradicional, 助詞; en chino simplificado, 助词; pinyin, zhùcí) son partículas gramaticales en el idioma chino que eluden la clasificación en una categoría tradicional. Son que no tienen mucho significado semántico sino sirven para un propósito gramatical. Se utilizan las partículas tanto en chino clásico como en mandarín estándar moderno. Generalmente toman el tono neutro. (es)
- 汉语助詞（Chinese particles），汉语文法術語，指的是一種詞類，屬於虛詞，附著在其他詞彙、詞組，或是句子上，作為輔助之用。。通常用於句子前、中、後，表示各種語氣；或是用於語句中間，表示結構上的關係。 助詞在漢語中，通常分為結構助詞、時態助詞和語氣助詞三種。白話文中常見的助詞包括：的、了、着、吧、啊等等；文言文中則有：之、乎、者、也、矣等。 (zh)
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| Info
| - Conjunction (en)
- Used as a counter, also called a measure word. This is the most commonly used classifier, but anywhere from a few dozen to several hundred classifiers exist in Chinese. (en)
- Used to indicate a completed action. Within informal language, can be alternatively replaced with 啦 la or 喽 lou. (en)
- Can have various functions depending on context. (en)
- Emphatic final particle. (en)
- Possessive marker (en)
- Translates to: "also" (en)
- Translates to: "also", "even", "still" (en)
- Translates to: "and" ; "with" or "as with" . (en)
- Translates to: "could", "-able" (en)
- Translates to: "only, just" (en)
- Used as a question denominator. (en)
- Used as the copula "to be"; as a topic marker. (en)
- Used to indicate a continuing action. (en)
- Translates to: "and" ; "with" or "as with" . Vernacular Chinese equivalent of Classical 與. (en)
- Translates to: "for example, things like, such as, etc., and so on". Used at the end of a list. (en)
- Can have various functions depending on context.
#A preposition
#A modal particle to express doubt, praise, surprise, or to highlight the word in front
#To express a question, when placed at the end of a phrase (en)
- Emphatic final particle. Indicates a suggestion, or softens a command into a question. Equivalent to using a question tag like "aren't you?" or making a suggestion in the form of "let's ". (en)
- Used as a possession indicator, topic marker, nominalization. Vernacular Chinese equivalent of Classical 之. (en)
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| p
| - báihuà (en)
- dòngtài zhùcí (en)
- jiégòu zhùcí (en)
- shící (en)
- xūcí (en)
- yǔqì zhùcí (en)
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| s
| - 白话 (en)
- 动态助词 (en)
- 助词 (en)
- 实词 (en)
- 结构助词 (en)
- 虚词 (en)
- 语助词 (en)
- 语气助词 (en)
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| t
| - 白話 (en)
- 助詞 (en)
- 動態助詞 (en)
- 實詞 (en)
- 結構助詞 (en)
- 虛詞 (en)
- 語助詞 (en)
- 語氣助詞 (en)
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| translation
| - A workman who wants to do his job well has to sharpen his tools first. (en)
- Products include computers, mobile phones, portable hard drives, et cetera. (en)
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