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Inner emigration (German: Innere Emigration, French: émigration intérieure) is a concept of an individual or social group who feels a sense of alienation from their country, its government, and its culture. This can be due to the inner emigrants' dissent from a radical political or cultural change, or due to their belief in an ideology that they see as more important than loyalty to their nation or country. The similar term internal émigré was used in the Soviet Union as an insult towards Soviet dissidents, by suggesting that they had the same opinions as anti-communist refugees in the West.

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  • Innere Emigration (de)
  • Inner emigration (en)
  • Émigration intérieure (fr)
  • Emigracja wewnętrzna (pl)
  • Внутренняя эмиграция (ru)
  • 内在移民 (zh)
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  • Innere Emigration bezeichnet die Haltung von Menschen, die unter einem Polizeistaat leben, aber als politische Dissidenten heimlich gegen die damit einhergehende Zensur von Literatur, Musik und Kunst verstoßen. Ursprünglich wird er für Künstler, Schriftsteller und Gelehrte verwendet, die in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus in Opposition zum NS-Regime standen, jedoch nicht auswanderten. Der Begriff wird manchmal auch für Künstler in der Zeit nach 1945 verwendet; dieser erweiterte Gebrauch ist jedoch umstritten. (de)
  • 内在移民(英语:Inner emigration)是一个个人或社会群体的概念,他们对自己的国家、政府和文化有一种疏离感。这可能是由于内在移民对激进的政治或文化变革持不同意见,或由于他们对某种意识形态的信仰,他们认为这种信仰比对其民族或国家的忠诚更重要。 这一概念也适用于生活在警察国家之下但秘密违反文学、音乐和艺术审查制度的持不同政见者。这个概念是反乌托邦小说中的常见主题。 类似的术语内部流亡者(internal emigré) 在苏联被用作对苏联持不同政见者的侮辱,暗示他们与西方反共难民有相同的观点。 这个概念最具有争议性的使用是指那些同意散居在德国的反纳粹文学作家,但他们选择继续生活在纳粹德国,同时在外表上表现得顺从。 小说家弗兰克·蒂斯在回应托马斯·曼在BBC广播指控德国对纳粹战争罪行和大屠杀集体有罪时,最有名地使用了“内在移民”一词。蒂斯回答说,曼曾在瑞士和美国相对自由和安全的环境中度过纳粹岁月,没有经历过纳粹党和盖世太保使用的警察国家策略。因此,根据蒂斯的说法,托马斯·曼没有权利对那些做出妥协的人做出判断。蒂斯进一步争辩说,许多表面上似乎顺从的德国人被证明比像曼这样的政治难民要英勇得多,曼在其他更自由的国家度过了纳粹岁月后,现在却对他们进行评判。 (zh)
  • Inner emigration (German: Innere Emigration, French: émigration intérieure) is a concept of an individual or social group who feels a sense of alienation from their country, its government, and its culture. This can be due to the inner emigrants' dissent from a radical political or cultural change, or due to their belief in an ideology that they see as more important than loyalty to their nation or country. The similar term internal émigré was used in the Soviet Union as an insult towards Soviet dissidents, by suggesting that they had the same opinions as anti-communist refugees in the West. (en)
  • L'expression d'émigration intérieure (« Innere Emigration ») désigne l'attitude de résistance passive d'intellectuels, d'écrivains ou d'artistes allemands sous le régime nazi. « On désigne généralement [par ces termes] l'attitude qui consista à rester en Allemagne tout en prenant ses distances à l'égard du national-socialisme et en refusant d'illustrer son idéologie par quelque œuvre que ce soit ». (fr)
  • Emigracja wewnętrzna to termin z zakresu psychologii oznaczający dobrowolne wycofanie się jednostki z udziału w . Emigracja wewnętrzna ma najczęściej miejsce w państwach totalitarnych i autorytarnych, gdzie emigracja jednostek jest uniemożliwiona lub znacznie utrudniona. Osoba na emigracji wewnętrznej koncentruje się na sobie, swojej rodzinie i znajomych izolując się od reszty społeczeństwa. (pl)
  • Внутренняя эмиграция — уклонение от участия в политической и общественной жизни государства; духовное отделение от государства; пассивная конфронтация с государственной системой, вызванная внутренним несогласием с господствующей идеологией, при невозможности это несогласие выразить. Например, в письме А. Леонидова, опубликованном в журнале «Огонёк» (1999 г., № 2), пишется о том, что внутренняя эмиграция появляется, когда мыслящему человеку надоедает, что государство считает его «быдлом». (ru)
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