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Internal resistance to apartheid in South Africa originated from several independent sectors of South African society and took forms ranging from social movements and passive resistance to guerrilla warfare. Mass action against the ruling National Party (NP) government, coupled with South Africa's growing international isolation and economic sanctions, were instrumental in leading to negotiations to end apartheid, which began formally in 1990 and ended with South Africa's first multiracial elections under a universal franchise in 1994.

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  • المقاومة الداخلية للفصل العنصري (ar)
  • Perlawanan dalam negeri terhadap apartheid di Afrika Selatan (in)
  • Opposition interne à l'apartheid (fr)
  • Internal resistance to apartheid (en)
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  • برزت المقاومة الداخلية للفصل العنصري في جنوب أفريقيا من عدة قطاعات مستقلة في مجتمع جنوب أفريقيا، واتخذت أشكالًا تتراوح بين الحركات الاجتماعية والمقاومة السلمية لحرب العصابات. كان للعمل الجماهيري ضد حكومة الحزب الوطني الحاكم، إلى جانب عزلة جنوب أفريقيا الدولية المتنامية والعقوبات الاقتصادية، دور فعال في التوصل إلى مفاوضات لإنهاء نظام الفصل العنصري، الذي بدأ رسميًا في عام 1990، وانتهى بإقامة أول انتخابات متعددة الأعراق في جنوب أفريقيا، بموجب اقتراع عمومي عام 1994. (ar)
  • Internal resistance to apartheid in South Africa originated from several independent sectors of South African society and took forms ranging from social movements and passive resistance to guerrilla warfare. Mass action against the ruling National Party (NP) government, coupled with South Africa's growing international isolation and economic sanctions, were instrumental in leading to negotiations to end apartheid, which began formally in 1990 and ended with South Africa's first multiracial elections under a universal franchise in 1994. (en)
  • Perlawanan dalam negeri terhadap apartheid di Afrika Selatan dimulai dari sektor-sektor independen yang ada di masyarakat Afrika Selatan. Gerakan ini bermula dari gerakan sosial, perlawanan tanpa kekerasan hingga perang gerilya. Aksi massa melawan Partai Nasional yang merupakan partai yang berkuasa, lalu dipasangkan dengan tumbuhnya isolasi internasional Afrika Selatan serta sanksi ekonomi adalah instrumen yang menjadi penggerak . Gerakan ini secara resmi dimulai pada tahun 1990 dan berakhir dengan pemilihan multiras pertama dibawah hak pilih universal pada tahun 1994. (in)
  • L'opposition interne à l'apartheid désigne en Afrique du Sud les différents secteurs de la société sud-africaine opposés au système législatif d'apartheid mis en place à partir de 1948 et aboli en 1991. Via notamment des syndicats, des partis politiques parlementaires ou extra-parlementaires, des églises et des mouvements sociaux ou culturels, cette opposition pacifique ou violente a pris la forme légale ou illégale de pétitions, de manifestations de masse, de boycotts, de résistance passive, de livres, de films mais aussi pris la forme d'actes de sabotage et d'actions terroristes meurtrières. Cette opposition a reçu progressivement le soutien d'une opposition internationale à l'apartheid qui s'est notamment manifestée par un relatif isolement diplomatique et des sanctions économiques cont (fr)
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  • Internal resistance to apartheid (en)
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